很多次当我看见native speaker的美文时，都忍不住在欣赏的同时暗暗揣摩他们的构思、文法和谴词造句的功底，譬如J.K Rowling笔下的人物一个个都如此栩栩如生，她用词千变万化，引人入胜。那么，是不是我们就无法达到这样的境界呢？答案当然是否定的拉！我曾看过一篇某高校非英语专业学生的文章，文笔和意境都让我自叹不如，汗。。。 所以只要下了工夫，用心钻研，一定是会有回报的哦！我相信通过日积月累的不断学习，大家都能用英语写出让老外惊羡的漂亮文章！！
我的写作老师曾大力推荐过我现在所参考和使用的这本写作书，那么就让我们从最简单的开始，共同学习北外前辈们的智慧成果吧：
第五期：好的句子III
4.强调
凡是重要的意思都应该予以强调。写文章时可以有以下几种方式：
（1） 整句强调
文章中有的句子可能比别的句子更重要，因为它表达了更为重要的意思。下面是些强调整句的方法：
短句：前面已经提到短句比长句更为有力，尤其是在一段的开头、结尾或在长句之中。
不完整句：也叫单一成分句，因为只有少数几个词表达主要意思而起到强调的作用。
The sky was overcast. A north wind was blowing.
It threatened to rain at any moment. A gloomy day.
倒装句：它们不同寻常的语序会吸引读者的注意：
In rushed the noisy children.
The poet was born poor, and poor he remained all his life.
平行结构和对称句：例句见第二期“句子的类型”。
圆周句：它们向高潮发展的句式起到了强调的作用，例句见第二期“句子的类型”。
祈使句和感叹句：祈使和感叹的语气自然使句子得到强调。
Don’t move!
How nice!
修辞问句或反问句：它们在形式上是问句，意思上却是强调的陈述。
Didn’t I tell you that you mustn’t touch this machine?
Can anyone believe his explanation?
否定肯定陈述句：这种句子先指出不是什么，然后指出是什么，对比使之得到强调。
The delegates shouted and quarreled. It was not a meeting; it was a farce.
重复词或短语的句子：重复加强了语气。
Government of the people, by the people, for the people shall not perish from the earth.
——Abraham Lincoln
（2） 句内强调
句中的某个词语或短语有时应该得到强调，因为那是全句主要意思之所在。可以有多种办法做到这一点。
位置：一句的开头和结尾，尤其是结尾，最能引起读者的注意。重要的词，如可能，应放在这两个位置。试比较：
There is a big tree, which is said to be 300 years old, in the temple.
In the temple there is a big tree, which is said to be 300years old.
There have been many great discoveries made by scientists in the 20th century.
Many great discoveries have been made by scientists in the 20th century.
In the 20th century scientists have made many great discoveries.
重复：不必要的重复并不增加任何意见，因而应该避免。但有时在适当上下文中重复一个词，或用不同的词重复一个意思，也可以作为一种强调的手段。
Bright, very bright, were the stars over the wild, dark Yen’an hills.
——Anna Louise Strong
动词和主动语态：在描写动作时，用动词比用表示动作的名词要好些，因为动词比名词更为生动有力。比较：
At the sight of the disorderly crowed, he was aware that something bad would be possible.
The moment he saw the disorderly crowed, he knew that something bad would happen.
第二句中的三个动词（saw，knew，happen）给人一种紧急的感觉，而第一句则缺少这种气氛。
从属：就是把次要的意思放在句子从属的成分里，从而突出主要意思。下面一句话包含两个意思：
The professor walked into the classroom and he carried a bag of books with him.
这句的并列结构表示这两个意思同等重要。事实上前一个应该是主要意思，后一个则应该是从属的：
The professor walked into the classroom, carrying a bag of books with him.
The professor walked into the classroom with a bag of books under his arm.
The professor walked into the classroom, a bag of books under his arm.
这期的作业：
请改写下列各句，使重点得到强调：
1.She often helps many comrades in her class to improve their pronunciation.
2.Wang Bing is modest and hardworking and is a good student.
3.The students were patiently helped by their teachers and good progress was made by them.
4.以上三句各有两种修改方法，请大家开动脑筋想一想哦！
Today’s Recommend：
Simplicity, simplicity, simplicity! I say, let your affairs be as two or three, and not a hundred or a thousand… Simplify, simplify. Instead of three meals a day, if it be necessary, eat but one; instead of a hundred dishes, five; and reduce other things in proportion.
——Henry David Thoreau
用不同的词重复一个意思并不意味着只用同义词，而应在重提时加强原来的意思。
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1.She often helps many comrades to improve their pronunciation in her class. / In her class, she often helps many comrades to improve their pronunciation.
2.Wang Bing is a good student, modest and hardworking. / Modest and hardworking, Wang Bing is a good student.
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