A more accurate term than "writings," since many of the works attributed to Confucius -- most notably the Analects -- were written down by his students after his death. There are many different translations of Confucius' wisdom, and they vary wildly in quality. One good translation of the Analects is by Arthur Waley. He seems to try very hard to remain faithful to the spirit of the original, which results in some odd phrasings and a lot of embellishment, but generally speaking his translation is quite readable (not to mention extremely well-footnoted). Others . . . well, here are some examples, from the Analects, Book 4, Paragraph 3:
- Roger T. Ames: The Master said, "The authoritative person (ren) alone has the wherewithal to properly discriminate the good person from the bad."
- E. Bruce Brooks: The Master said, It is only the rvn who can like others; who can hate others.
- Lionel Giles: Only he who has the spirit of goodness within him is really able either to love or to hate.
- David Hinton: The Master said: "Only the Humane can love people, and only they can despise people."
- Chichung Huang: The Master said: "Only a humane man is capable of loving men, and capable of loathing men."
- James Legge: The Master said, 'It is only the virtuous man, who can love, or who can hate, others.'
- Simon Leys: The Master said: "Only a good man can love people and can hate people."
- Lin Yutang: Confucius said, "Only a true man knows how to love people and how to hate people."
- A. Charles Muller: Confucius said: "Only the jen person is able to really like others or to really dislike them."
- Ezra Pound (!): He said: Only the complete man can love others, or hate them.
- Xin Guanjie: Confucius said, "Only a benevolent man is able to tell whom to love and whom to hate."
- Confucius Publishing (uncredited): Confucius said, "Only the benevolent can love or hate men."
- Waley: Of the adage 'Only a Good Man knows how to like people, knows how to dislike them,' the Master said, He whose heart is in the smallest degree set upon Goodness will dislike no one.
That's actually paragraphs 3 and 4. Waley writes in a footnote: "The words 'The Master said' at the beginning of paragraph 3 should be omitted, and paragraphs 3 and 4 taken together." Well! I find myself wondering whether Waley really did figure out something that all the others didn't, though, because Confucius himself confesses to disliking certain types of people, and while he never claims to have attained the ideal of humanity -- jen (ren in Pinyin), most often translated as "Goodness" or "benevolence" -- often speaks of his devotion to the ideal. Walt Whitman may have seen fit to say: "Do I contradict myself? Very well, I contradict myself. I am large; I contain multitudes," but whether Confucius would have agreed with that is questionable. |